Southern Journal of Research

Computational Identification of Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Interactive Ligands, Therapeutic Aid for Malaria Parasite

2025-06-10T05:21:15+00:00

This study aims to identify novel inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DDI) as potential therapeutic agents for malaria. DDIs are crucial in disrupting the Plasmodium life cycle within the human body, and targeting these inhibitors could prevent the proliferation of malaria. We used computational methods to identify the active sites of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase for inhibition. Four bio/organic synthetic molecules were evaluated: comalic acid, 4,4',4''-triaminotriphenylamine, and 6-chloroquinoline-3. Molecular docking studies showed that comalic acid and 4,4',4''-triaminotriphenylamine effectively bind to the enzyme’s active sites, indicating they could be strong DDI inhibitors. In contrast, 6-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde demonstrated lower inhibitory potential, and 2-(3-aminoanilino) phenol exhibited no significant activity. Additionally, the study includes a tabulation of oral toxicity results and chemical properties of the ligands, which provides knowledge about their potential therapeutic safety and efficacy. This information is crucial for guiding future research and development of these compounds as viable therapeutic agents. Further investigations into their mechanisms of action and potential side effects will be essential for optimizing their use in clinical applications.

Quality Assurance in the Digital Age: Exploring Contemporary Challenges in Software Testing

2025-09-27T04:28:47+00:00

Software Quality Assurance Engineers (SQA Engineers) assess and analyze the reliability of software systems and their components, and perform usability tests on software systems. SQA Engineers face unique challenges that may affect their efficiency, precision, and accuracy as they execute their testing functions. This paper aims to identify the challenges most SQA Engineers encounter as part of their daily professional activities. The paper first describes the phases of the software testing life cycle in detail. It discusses the relevance of SQA to software testing Automation. It focuses on the challenges SQA Engineers face in the current software market, 20, which negatively affect the overall performance and efficiency of SQA Engineers. This paper aspires to explain the reasons for the challenges SQA Engineers face 20, which inevitably lead to software delivery and the pressure of tight deadlines. For this purpose, a number of software development companies were studied to identify the varying and overlapping challenges they face in the performance of their roles. It SQA Engineers and assign the challenges of communication, task allocation, documentation, Quality Assurance (QA) automation, and the challenges of evolving technology. This illustrates the complexity and multi-layered quality of the challenges, which, in turn, may cause delivery of substandard software. It is, therefore, most important that SQA Engineers be allowed to complete their current SQA assignments. Although they expressed more general apprehension regarding the software landscape, knowing how to manage these issues can simplify software testing, thus speeding up deployment timelines considerably while also enhancing the quality of the software.

Comparative Study of CaF and CaO, and Elemental Analysis of Fluorite Gemstone by Calibration Free Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

2025-09-23T04:23:01+00:00

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is the most intellectual and best technique that contributes well to mineralogy for qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis using the Origi Software 9.1 version. In this study, by using CL-LIBS, we calculated Ca 88%, iron 9%, Si, and Na 1 % respectively, in the Fluorite gemstone. Fluorite is used in decorative pieces and jewelry just because of the major concentration of Ca, and less detected molecules mentioned as CaO and CaF are secreted in Fluorite Gemstones. It was the first time anyone had worked on such minerals. The determination of elemental composition, major and trace elements, and the fingerprint of Greenish-Fluorite gemstone was carried out in this study. This Greenish-Fluorite gemstone was collected from Astak mine, Rondo Valley, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The highest peaks of Ca-I are observed at 585.74 nm, lithium at 760.77 nm, and sodium at 588.99nm. The observed spectra line shows CaF found at a range of 590 - 608 nm, and CaO at 616 - 625 nm.

Impact of Sulfuric Acidic Environment on Deterioration of Conventional and Ceramic Concrete

2025-09-26T07:17:23+00:00

The durability of concrete was evaluated for both the control mix and the mix containing 30% ceramic tile waste as a replacement for fine aggregate. The assessment was carried out in a 5% sulfuric acid environment for a period of 105 days, considering the change in concrete mass and technical examination through visual inspection. After five weeks of immersion, the control concrete exhibited a 1.459% increase in mass change, while the ceramic concrete showed a comparatively lower increase of 0.66% under the same conditions. After fifteen weeks of immersion in a sulfuric acid environment, the control concrete exhibited a 16.49% reduction in mass, whereas the ceramic concrete showed a comparatively lower reduction of 5.33% under the same conditions. The superior performance of ceramic concrete over control concrete in the sulfuric environment can be attributed to its structural pores and the higher density of its microstructure.

Preliminary Analysis on the Evolution of Mosque Sakhi Sultan Shah Ali Akbar’s Complex Suraj Miani Multan

2024-12-18T05:02:50+00:00

A mosque is a sacred space that evokes an awareness of the divine, either through its inherent spiritual atmosphere or its association with holy relics, the presence of pious individuals, or religious activities performed within it. Such spaces are revered as symbols of the divine, representing a heavenly connection that links earthly beings to Allah. The mosque within Shah Ali Akbar’s complex holds significant importance in its context, situated in the heart of the city of Multan, known as Madina-tul-Aulia (the City of Saints). This mosque is considered a masterpiece of architectural design, with intricately detailed elements that captivate and inspire admiration in all who behold them. The mosque, though relatively small in size, features a sanctuary crowned by three domes. Each dome rests on a square base transformed into a hexagonal drum, serving as structural support. While some portions of the original mosque still exist, much of its historic structure has suffered continuous damage, with certain elements destroyed due to manmade factors. The addition of new structures has further compromised the historical and contextual significance of this sacred site. The purpose of this paper is to document this historical and sacred space, emphasize its cultural and architectural significance, and raise public awareness about the importance of preserving such historical sites within their visual and contextual integrity. Recommendations are also provided to the archaeology department, urging attention toward smaller-scale monuments. Preserving these sites is essential for safeguarding their legacy and passing them on to future generations.